Core tips: "1 20 grams of cell phone batteries can be used to pollute 3 standard swimming pool volume of water, if abandoned on the land, can make 1 square kilometers of land pollution for about 50 years.
"1 20 grams of mobile phone batteries can pollute the volume of 3 standard swimming pools. If they are abandoned on the land, they will pollute 1 square kilometers of land for about 50 years. Just imagine, if a few tons of electric vehicle batteries are abandoned in the natural environment? A large number of heavy metals and chemicals enter nature, which will cause greater pollution to the environment. Professor Wu Feng, a professor at the Beijing Institute of Technology, has publicly expressed it.
The cost of a new energy vehicle with a guidance price of 300 thousand may be 100 thousand yuan or more. "Generally speaking, the capacity of the power battery is less than 80%, so it can no longer be used in new energy vehicles." Yin Chengliang, vice president of Shanghai Jiaotong University Automotive Engineering Research Institute, said in an interview with the first Financial Daily reporter.
"Now
many (new energy car) companies promise battery life and warranty for
consumers at most 10 years, but the average life span of power batteries
is 5 years if the use of the environment and other comprehensive
conditions are taken into account." Insiders said they did not want to be named.
Reutilization of power battery in electric vehicle
As
the new energy car gets better, it is also questioned: after 5 years or
a few years, what should the power batteries that can't be used on new
energy cars?
China
Automotive Technology Research Center predicts that by 2020, the
accumulative scrapping capacity of electric vehicles in China will reach
120 thousand ~17 million tons.
It seems beautiful that these batteries, which can't be used by
electric cars, do not completely lose their value. In theory, they can
also be used in energy storage or related power supply base stations,
street lamps, low speed electric vehicles, and finally into the recovery
system. This is also known as power battery reuse or cascade utilization in the industry.
According to foreign media reports, at a car battery workshop last
week, General Motors issued a statement that it would make two use of
technical development plans for electric car batteries in the near
future. Prior to that, GM had proposed to use electric vehicle batteries for power grids. This is basically consistent with the ideas of the domestic industry.
"Cascade utilization of power batteries, on the one hand, is certainly for energy conservation considerations. On the other hand, if the use of echelon is popularized, it will undoubtedly greatly reduce the cost of new energy vehicles. Yin Chengliang said.
"Energy
saving and new energy auto industry development plan (2012~2020)"
issued in July 2012 clearly put forward that it is necessary to
formulate management methods for battery recycling and utilization,
establish a cascade utilization and recovery management system, guide
the production enterprises to strengthen the recycling of waste
batteries, and encourage the development of professional battery
recycling enterprises.
After that, the Beijing and Zhejiang companies, including the State
Grid, are working on the research on the residual energy of the power
battery, investing in the research projects on the ladder, but the
progress is relatively slow. Lithium battery industry research center, a new energy analyst, told reporters before.
In fact, "the power battery will be used for energy storage in large scale, which is probably only a reflection." Technical staff of a New Energy Company in North China pointed out.
According to him, although the density of energy storage batteries is
not as high as that of power cells, the size of a energy storage battery
is large, usually a hundred thousand watts or even megawatts, and a new
energy vehicle has an average capacity of about 30kwh, for example, it
is necessary to use a power cell as a storage energy.
A large number of battery packs will be required, which will make the
whole storage battery block face consistency and management
difficulties, thus affecting the use of the whole energy storage
battery.
What's more, "as far as industry is concerned, because of the different
battery routes, battery specifications and the measurement requirements
for the battery, the battery model is too much, and the output is too
scattered, and it also brings more difficulty for the 'post market',
which is the use of the ladder." Sun Dongdong said.
Therefore,
in the view of the above technical personnel, if we want to use it step
by step, I am afraid it is only a small range of applications. For example, family energy storage projects.
However, "although a small range of household energy storage is
relatively easy to be achieved in terms of technical requirements, in
fact, in this demand, the demand for the current Chinese market is not
obvious.
Relatively speaking, the United States or the rest of the country is
easier to implement, because their living environment is mainly single
buildings, and energy storage equipment is easy to install.
Policy incentives and sad business problems do exist, but the recovery and reuse of power batteries has become a top priority. According to the relevant planning, by 2020, the total production and sales volume of domestic new energy vehicles will reach 5 million. China Automotive Technology Research Center predicts that by 2020, the accumulative scrap value of China's electric vehicle battery will reach 120 thousand ~17 million tons.
"1 20 grams of mobile phone batteries can pollute the volume of 3 standard swimming pools. If they are abandoned on the land, they will pollute 1 square kilometers of land for about 50 years. Just imagine, if a few tons of electric vehicle batteries are abandoned in the natural environment? A large number of heavy metals and chemicals enter nature, which will cause greater pollution to the environment. Professor Wu Feng, a professor at the Beijing Institute of Technology, has publicly expressed it. Perhaps because of this, in December 30, 2014, the Ministry of Finance and other four ministries and commissions jointly issued the "notice on the fiscal support policy for the promotion and application of new energy vehicles for 2016-2020 years" (the "advice") (hereinafter referred to as "the notice"), clearly the automobile production enterprises as the main responsibility of the power battery recycling, responsible for the recovery of power batteries.
In order to encourage manufacturers to recover power batteries, many local governments are also actively exploring. Shanghai has issued a policy to say that the government will subsidize 1000 yuan for the battery recycling power battery; Shenzhen will set up a power battery utilization and recovery system: 600 yuan per car manufacturer and 300 yuan for the government to recover power batteries, and establish a preliminary battery recovery mechanism.
"We are discussing with our suppliers the follow-up battery recycling, but there are no specific details to disclose." Wang Yu, a new energy vehicle manufacturer in Anhui, told the first financial daily, "because the sales of new energy vehicles were just starting last year, more attention was paid to the sales of the front end, and the battery manufacturers were busy expanding their capacity, and they didn't feel much of the problem of recycling." Those who do not want to be named, say.
More importantly, in his view, the technology is not in place and the current whole new energy battery recycling business chain has not been improved, the entire industrial closed loop is difficult to form. "Take an extreme example. Look at the lead-acid battery, where the car can be recovered and the garbage sorting place can be recycled. Why? It is because the lead acid recovery is very easy to produce commercial value - take a screwdriver, pry the waste battery open, pour out the acid liquid, take out the most valuable lead plate and then sell it and make money. " The afore-mentioned people told the reporter.
But why does lithium battery can't be recovered? In his opinion, the recovery process of lithium battery is too complicated. It is difficult to commercialize the intermediate products of high added value such as cathode material, negative electrode material, electrolyte, diaphragm and so on from the waste lithium battery. In addition, different manufacturers of lithium battery materials and formulations are not the same, to complete the recovery is not easy.
It's not easy to recycle, and it's harder to reuse it. The above technical personnel, for example, for example, even home storage batteries, should be developed two times according to the requirements of the energy storage project, and the configuration, installation, power interface, signal interface and various protocols and voltage levels must be unified. After these are completed, even if there is a "home" to accept products, how can the reused products have more advantages in cost and price than the new products?
Therefore, there is a view that in order to promote the recovery and reuse of power batteries, the standard of batteries should first be unified. "More importantly, the government can not only express its support but not produce substantive policies." Wang Yu believes that we can learn from Europe and Korea and other countries to adopt tax relief or financial support to encourage enterprises to invest and try.
